What is the general solution for cos(2x)-3cos(x)+1=0 ?

The general solution for cos(2x)-3cos(x)+1=0 is x= pi/2+2pin,x=(3pi)/2+2pin

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cos(2x)-3cos(x)+1=0

Solution

cos (2 x) - 3 cos (x) + 1 = 0

Solution

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Degrees

x = 9 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 27 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

cos (2 x) - 3 cos (x) + 1 = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

1 + cos (2 x) - 3 cos (x)

Use the Double Angle identity:

cos (2 x) = 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1

= 1 + 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1 - 3 cos (x)

Simplify

1 + 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1 - 3 cos (x) : 2 cos^{2} (x) - 3 cos (x)

1 + 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1 - 3 cos (x)

Group like terms

= 2 cos^{2} (x) - 3 cos (x) + 1 - 1

1 - 1 = 0

= 2 cos^{2} (x) - 3 cos (x)

= 2 cos^{2} (x) - 3 cos (x)

2 cos^{2} (x) - 3 cos (x) = 0

Solve by substitution

2 cos^{2} (x) - 3 cos (x) = 0

Let:

cos (x) = u

2 u^{2} - 3 u = 0

2 u^{2} - 3 u = 0 : u = \frac{3}{2}, u = 0

2 u^{2} - 3 u = 0

Solve with the quadratic formula

2 u^{2} - 3 u = 0

Quadratic Equation Formula:

For

a = 2, b = - 3, c = 0

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) \pm ( - 3 ) ^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 2}

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) \pm ( - 3 ) ^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 2}

(- 3)^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0 = 3

(- 3)^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0

Apply exponent rule:

(- a)^{n} = a^{n},

n

is even

(- 3)^{2} = 3^{2}

= 3^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0

Apply rule

0 \cdot a = 0

= 3^{2} - 0

3^{2} - 0 = 3^{2}

= 3^{2}

Apply radical rule:

assuming

a \geq 0

= 3

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) \pm 3}{2 \cdot 2}

Separate the solutions

u_{1} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) + 3}{2 \cdot 2}, u_{2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) - 3}{2 \cdot 2}

u = \frac{- ( - 3 ) + 3}{2 \cdot 2} : \frac{3}{2}

\frac{- ( - 3 ) + 3}{2 \cdot 2}

Apply rule

- (- a) = a

= \frac{3 + 3}{2 \cdot 2}

Add the numbers:

3 + 3 = 6

= \frac{6}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{6}{4}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= \frac{3}{2}

u = \frac{- ( - 3 ) - 3}{2 \cdot 2} : 0

\frac{- ( - 3 ) - 3}{2 \cdot 2}

Apply rule

- (- a) = a

= \frac{3 - 3}{2 \cdot 2}

Subtract the numbers:

3 - 3 = 0

= \frac{0}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{0}{4}

Apply rule

\frac{0}{a} = 0, a \neq = 0

= 0

The solutions to the quadratic equation are:

u = \frac{3}{2}, u = 0

Substitute back

u = cos (x)

cos (x) = \frac{3}{2}, cos (x) = 0

cos (x) = \frac{3}{2}, cos (x) = 0

cos (x) = \frac{3}{2} :

No Solution

cos (x) = \frac{3}{2}

- 1 \leq cos (x) \leq 1

No Solution

cos (x) = 0 : x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

cos (x) = 0

General solutions for

cos (x) = 0

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Combine all the solutions

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Popular Examples

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θ, x = tan (θ)

sin(5X)*cos(5X)=1

sin (5 X) \cdot cos (5 X) = 1

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100 + 60 sin (\frac{7 π}{3} x) = 100

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the general solution for cos(2x)-3cos(x)+1=0 ?
The general solution for cos(2x)-3cos(x)+1=0 is x= pi/2+2pin,x=(3pi)/2+2pin