What is the general solution for -cos(x)-sin(x)=1 ?

The general solution for -cos(x)-sin(x)=1 is x=(3pi)/2+2pin,x=pi+2pin

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-cos(x)-sin(x)=1

Solution

- cos (x) - sin (x) = 1

Solution

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

Degrees

x = 27 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 18 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

- cos (x) - sin (x) = 1

Add

sin (x)

to both sides

- cos (x) = 1 + sin (x)

Square both sides

(- cos (x))^{2} = (1 + sin (x))^{2}

Subtract

(1 + sin (x))^{2}

from both sides

cos^{2} (x) - 1 - 2 sin (x) - sin^{2} (x) = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

- 1 + cos^{2} (x) - sin^{2} (x) - 2 sin (x)

Use the Pythagorean identity:

1 = cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x)

1 - cos^{2} (x) = sin^{2} (x)

= - sin^{2} (x) - 2 sin (x) - sin^{2} (x)

Simplify

= - 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2 sin (x)

- 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) = 0

Solve by substitution

- 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) = 0

Let:

sin (x) = u

- 2 u - 2 u^{2} = 0

- 2 u - 2 u^{2} = 0 : u = - 1, u = 0

- 2 u - 2 u^{2} = 0

Write in the standard form

a x^{2} + b x + c = 0

- 2 u^{2} - 2 u = 0

Solve with the quadratic formula

- 2 u^{2} - 2 u = 0

Quadratic Equation Formula:

For

a = - 2, b = - 2, c = 0

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) \pm ( - 2 ) ^{2} - 4 ( - 2 ) \cdot 0}{2 ( - 2 )}

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) \pm ( - 2 ) ^{2} - 4 ( - 2 ) \cdot 0}{2 ( - 2 )}

(- 2)^{2} - 4 (- 2) \cdot 0 = 2

(- 2)^{2} - 4 (- 2) \cdot 0

Apply rule

- (- a) = a

= (- 2)^{2} + 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0

Apply exponent rule:

(- a)^{n} = a^{n},

n

is even

(- 2)^{2} = 2^{2}

= 2^{2} + 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0

Apply rule

0 \cdot a = 0

= 2^{2} + 0

2^{2} + 0 = 2^{2}

= 2^{2}

Apply radical rule:

assuming

a \geq 0

= 2

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) \pm 2}{2 ( - 2 )}

Separate the solutions

u_{1} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) + 2}{2 ( - 2 )}, u_{2} = \frac{- ( - 2 ) - 2}{2 ( - 2 )}

u = \frac{- ( - 2 ) + 2}{2 ( - 2 )} : - 1

\frac{- ( - 2 ) + 2}{2 ( - 2 )}

Remove parentheses:

(- a) = - a, - (- a) = a

= \frac{2 + 2}{- 2 \cdot 2}

Add the numbers:

2 + 2 = 4

= \frac{4}{- 2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{4}{- 4}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{a}{- b} = - \frac{a}{b}

= - \frac{4}{4}

Apply rule

\frac{a}{a} = 1

= - 1

u = \frac{- ( - 2 ) - 2}{2 ( - 2 )} : 0

\frac{- ( - 2 ) - 2}{2 ( - 2 )}

Remove parentheses:

(- a) = - a, - (- a) = a

= \frac{2 - 2}{- 2 \cdot 2}

Subtract the numbers:

2 - 2 = 0

= \frac{0}{- 2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{0}{- 4}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{a}{- b} = - \frac{a}{b}

= - \frac{0}{4}

Apply rule

\frac{0}{a} = 0, a \neq = 0

= - 0

= 0

The solutions to the quadratic equation are:

u = - 1, u = 0

Substitute back

u = sin (x)

sin (x) = - 1, sin (x) = 0

sin (x) = - 1, sin (x) = 0

sin (x) = - 1 : x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = - 1

General solutions for

sin (x) = - 1

sin (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} sin (x) 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} sin (x) 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = 0 : x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

sin (x) = 0

General solutions for

sin (x) = 0

sin (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} sin (x) 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} sin (x) 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}

x = 0 + 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

x = 0 + 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

Solve

x = 0 + 2 πn : x = 2 πn

x = 0 + 2 πn

0 + 2 πn = 2 πn

x = 2 πn

x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

Combine all the solutions

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

Verify solutions by plugging them into the original equation

Check the solutions by plugging them into

- cos (x) - sin (x) = 1

Remove the ones that don't agree with the equation.

Check the solution

\frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn :

True

\frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Plug in

n = 1

\frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π 1

For

- cos (x) - sin (x) = 1

plug in

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π 1

- cos (\frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π 1) - sin (\frac{3 π}{2} + 2 π 1) = 1

Refine

1 = 1

\Rightarrow True

Check the solution

2 πn :

False

2 πn

Plug in

n = 1

2 π 1

For

- cos (x) - sin (x) = 1

plug in

x = 2 π 1

- cos (2 π 1) - sin (2 π 1) = 1

Refine

- 1 = 1

\Rightarrow False

Check the solution

π + 2 πn :

True

π + 2 πn

Plug in

n = 1

π + 2 π 1

For

- cos (x) - sin (x) = 1

plug in

x = π + 2 π 1

- cos (π + 2 π 1) - sin (π + 2 π 1) = 1

Refine

1 = 1

\Rightarrow True

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the general solution for -cos(x)-sin(x)=1 ?
The general solution for -cos(x)-sin(x)=1 is x=(3pi)/2+2pin,x=pi+2pin